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Digital
Global Network.
The growth of information technology
has sparked rapid economic growth in developed
countries and is changing the way people live,
learn, and work. One of the principal challenges
facing the global community is to ensure that
advanced communications services -- and the attending
economic, social, and political dividends -- are
spread throughout the world. Those countries and
regions that are unable to tap the power of information
technology are said to be in a void or a "digital
divide." While technology is no "silver
bullet" for the problems of the developing
world, information and communications technology
can be powerful democratizing forces, offering
greater economic access to capital, allowing remote
areas to overcome geographic boundaries, reducing
educational disparities, and preventing cultural
alienation, a risk that the divide between nations
will grow if we fail to ensure that all nations
have the opportunity to participate fully in the
network economy and society.
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A Global Snapshot:
There is a substantial and growing "digital
divide" between developed and developing
countries:
As much as 80% of the world's population has
never made a phone call. There are more telephones
in New York City than in all of rural Asia, and
more internet accounts in London than in all of
Africa.
Industrialized countries, with only 15% of the
world's population, are home to 88% of all internet
users. Finland alone has more internet users than
the whole of Latin America.
Of the estimated 332 million people online in
March of 2000, less than 1% (2.77 million) live
in Africa. Excluding South Africa, the continent
generates only .02% of global internet content
and there are fewer than 100,000 dial-up internet
accounts for over 700 million people.
Less than five percent of the computers that
are connected to the internet are in developing
countries.
A recently created index of technological progress
demonstrated that access to technology became
more unequal between 1992 and 1997, far more rapidly
than differences in income distribution. The index
measured personal computers, internet hosts, fax
machines, mobile phones, and televisions.
Fewer than 20,000 of Argentina's 10 million students
now have internet access.
It's critical that developing countries participate
in the networked economy:
Global electronic commerce could reach $7 trillion
by 2004.
Weak communications networks in Africa could
account for as much as one half of the difference
between Africa's manufactured exports as a share
of GDP and East Asia's share.
Only 12 percent of local telecommunications markets
in developing countries are liberalized.
In the five years following privatization of
telecommunications companies in Peru, the number
of fixed lines increased 165 percent, the number
of mobile lines increased from 20,000 to nearly
half a million, and access among the poorest households
increased from near zero to around 20 percent.
Who Can Help to Expand Digital Opportunity?
To be successful in turning the digital divide
into digital opportunity, a systematic and coordinated
effort must be undertaken with the participation
of varied partners and stakeholders, including
individuals, companies, foundations, non-government
organizations (NGOs), governments, and multilateral
organizations.
It is important to recognize that there are diverse
cultures, conditions, and needs in developing
nations, and local cultures must be respected,
preserved, and promoted. Developing countries
should be looked at as more than "new markets."
They should also be supported in their efforts
to produce indigenous content and export products
and services that reflect their culture and entrepreneurial
aspirations.
What Should the Goals Be?
Increase connectivity: Improve connectivity by
mobilizing resources to support community access
programs and encourage the development of IT hardware
and software tailored to the special needs of
developing countries.
Forward-looking policy: Foster appropriate policy
and regulatory environments by supporting the
provision of policy advice and facilitating the
sharing of experiences among developing countries.
People development: Build human capacity by focusing
on basic education and lifelong learning with
particular emphasis on building IT skills among
users and policy professionals.
E-commerce inclusion: Encourage participation
in global e-commerce by increasing e-commerce
readiness and use, and providing advice to start-up
businesses in developing countries.
Applications innovation: Develop and promote
applications such as "digital libraries"
that allow nations to share their cultural heritage.
How Can Private Philanthropists Help?
Research: Research on the conditions of
developing countries, their priorities, and how
integrating information technology can advance
them is essential.
Advocacy: Increased public education and
advocacy at all levels is necessary to put global
IT issues in front of international, national,
and local leaders.
Support programs: The development and
support of local programs that leverage existing
technologies and organizational capacity will
allow for rapid infusion of information technology
in remote and insular areas, especially where
these efforts strengthen local intermediaries.
Productivity tools: Identify, develop,
and distribute sustainable productivity tools
and applications that have short and long-term
utility for developing countries and can be recycled,
refurbished, and/or deployed internationally at
marginal cost.
Information sharing: Support global efforts
to share best practices in programs and grant
making. Aggregate current content and sources
focused on expanding digital opportunity and serve
as conveners for ideas and initiatives.
Capacity building: Bundle appropriate
technology capacity building and support into
grants for developing nations and NGOs. Digital
commitments should be integrated commitments that
address infrastructure, skills, content, and cultural
issues
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